4 図・表の説明に用いる表現(2)
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1.影響、効果、反映

influence (他動詞)affect,effect,reflection(反映)

The presence of the acid influenced the whole reaction.
exert retarding influence on 〜  〜を遅らせる
exerts a similar influence

affect

effect

The error bar is a reflection of the discrepancy.

2.証明・実証

(1) 証明する
 prove(100%正しいとき)> substantiate(かなり正しいとき)

prove to be + 名詞 「〜だと判る」
prove + 形容詞

It was proved that

(2)論証する、実証する
demonstrateverify


Only experimental results can verify the hypothesis.

(3) 支持する
corroborate ,  in support of ・・・
The above result corroborates this mechanism.
Evidence in support of this theory has found.

(4) 明らかにする 
reveal
 clarify

It becomes clear that

(5)証拠を得る
procure evidence
(6)予測する
presuppose
The existence of water was presupposed.

名詞:
 evidence(無冠詞), a proof, clarification, verification, substantiation, demonstration

the fact that (事実)

3. 特徴、分配、配置

(1)「AはBを特徴とする」
feature,  characterize

A feature B (特徴) ≡ B characterize A ( A is characterized by B )

The polymer features good abrasion resistance.

The rolling hills characterize this part of England.

(2)provide,  supply 「AにBを付与する」
  provide A with B ≡ provide B to A    furnish と同じ用法)

  equip A with B

cf. equip B to A のようには言わない(間違え)

(3)substitute, replace「Bの代わりにAを代用する=AがBに取って換わる」
  substitute A
(代用品) for B replace B by A (代用品)

(4)distribute、dispose、enter

Different cations can simultaneously enter the A and B sites.

4.構成を表す表現

(1)AはB(構成材料・要素)から構成されている、AはBを含む

A consist of B
The alloy consists of zinc and lithium.
By mixing a solvent consisting of 60% toluene and 40% ethanol.

A comprise B
The alloy comprises zinc and lithium.

A is composed of B (B compose A
The alloy is composed of zinc and lithium.

A is constituted of B (B constitute A
The alloy is constituted of zinc and lithium.

(2)その他

The alloy is made up of zinc and lithium.

containinclude、incorporated

5.時間の表現

lately                (最近)
at present             (現在は)
at that time            (当時は)
at this stage            (今のうちに)
at present stage         (今の段階では)
at the time after (before)   の後は(前は)
as of the present time     (今のところ)
at all times            (いつも)
at a later time          (後になって)
hence forth            (今後は)
for a short time          (今しばらくは)
for a long time           長い間
up to this time           これまでに
up to now              今までに
so far                今までのところ)
from・・・ to the present time  ・・・からこれまでに
since the time I begun...     私が・・始めて以来
over a long period of time   長期間にわたって)
the limitation of time      限られた時間

on time scales on the order of 1 nsec

6.重要な表現

(1)ともなう
A(従) accompany B(主)、 be accompanied by A(従)
I ask you (従) to accompany me (主) to the police station.
(2)・・・に関して
With regard to
this view
concerning ・・・
in terms of ・・・
in respect to ・・・

(3)に基づいて
On the basis of  ・・・
based on ・・・

(4)の観点から
in the light of
 ・・・

(5)にしたがって
according to,  in accordance with
according to
the potential of an electrode
if not installed and used in accordance with this manual

(6)
allow

The presence of empty anion sites allows the material to take in extra oxygen atoms.

(7)はたらく、機能する

work serve

・The model can be discarded

(8)conductの用法
conduct experiment
conduct test

(9) reachの用法

reach an agreement
reach a consensus
reach a conclusion

(10)makeの用法
make statement
make an attempt
make observations
make interpretation

(11)of +  人 の

inform 
tell  +  人
notify  +  人 +
announce  +  人+ 

紹介する introduce
We would like to introduce

考慮する be taken into account
I take it consideration 

評価 する  evaluation

賛成・同意する agree
I agree with you
I agree to your opinion as an outline
Our results are in agreement with the theory

反対する object
I have no objections
raise objection to it

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